![]() The sudo apt-get upgrade command downloads and installs the updates for each outdated package and dependency on your system. In other words, it'll figure out what the latest version of each package and dependency is, but will not actually download or install any of those updates. The main difference is that sudo apt-get update fetches the latest version of the package list from your distro's software repository, and any third-party repositories you may have configured. What Are the Differences Between sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade? In this article, I'll go into what both of these commands do, how to use them, and some frequently asked questions. They're common commands for Linux admins and people doing DevOps, but are handy to know even if you don't use the command line often. You can then exit nano using Ctrl + X.įor the changes to take place, you may have to login/logout, or restart the system, or launch a new terminal window.Sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade are two commands you can use to keep all of your packages up to date in Debian or a Debian-based Linux distribution. If you made any changes to the sudoers file using the instructions shared above, then make sure to save the file using Ctrl + O for the changes to be applied. This is for explanatory purpose only, you don’t have to force these restrictions to sudo users on your system. Important Note: The suggested changes in the sudoers file above will restrict sudo users to only be able to execute commands mv and visudo. %sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) /bin/mv, /usr/sbin/visudo # Allow members of group sudo to execute any command The last ALL in the line can be replaced with the only command, or set of commands which should be allowed with sudo. Scroll and find the lines below in the file. The above command will open the file using the nano command line editor. The only way to edit this file is using the visudo command. This file is write protected directly, even for root. The file /etc/sudoers contains configuration options for sudo command. sudo adduser testuser -ingroup=sudo Restrict which commands should be allowed with sudo It can be used withįlag -ingroup to add the user to group sudo during creation. Create a new user with Sudo privilegesĪdduser is the Linux command used to create a new user. To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo ". Once a user is added to the sudo group, the following message is displayed in terminal the next time this user logs in on the system. ![]() G is for specifying which group to add the user to. It makes sure existing groups’ membership of the user is not affected. To add a user to sudoers list, use the usermod command to add an existing user to the sudo group on the system. It will throw below output: testuser is not in the sudoers file. If a user is not part of the sudo user group, it’ll will not be able to use the sudo command. See an example failed attempt below: apt-get install aptitudeĮ: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)Į: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?Ī non-root user with sudo can install programs on the system without any issues. Non-root user without sudo cannot install a program. However, the user can do so with sudo command. It is mostly used for administrative purposes providing limited admin access to non administrative users on a Linux PC.įor example, by default, a user is not allowed to install packages on an Ubuntu system. It allows a user to run a particular program as another user, who, by default, is the super user. Sudo is one of the most commonly used command in Linux systems.
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